Brief History of Development Disabilities in the U.S. : A Review

            In the early 1900’s, people with disabilities were viewed as burdens, having inhuman traits and were compared to criminality. They were treated poorly and had no voice. Institutions played a large role in housing individuals with disabilities. It surprised me that even those with minor conditions, such as impaired speech or imperfect gait, were often involuntarily institutionalized. Many of these state institutions became overcrowded, causing neglect and malpractice to the patients. Furthermore, many individuals in these institutions died without recognition and were buried in anonymous graves.

            In 1968, a crossroads for change began. After the article about Rosemary Kennedy’s life and lobotomy surfaced, many people’s view of disability began to change. Documentaries were released from the insides of institutions, raising awareness about what was happening within those walls. America’s view began shifting from, “people with disabilities are burdens” to, “take care of those with disabilities.” Beginning in the 70’s, there was a big push for employment for individuals with disabilities, society did not give them labels anymore, and community settings increased while institutional living decreased.

            In today’s society, children and young adults with disabilities are no longer being denied school access, adults are no longer being denied work, and there is a sense of self-determination and self-advocacy. This is not the early 1900’s. No one should be ashamed or looked down on for having a disability. They are inspirations. For example, Liz Weintraub went from being institutionalized as a child to testifying in the Kavanaugh case at the Supreme Court. She is married and lives independently with her husband, as are many of those with disabilities today. Practitioners are moving on from listing all of the things that their client cannot do, to collaborating together to list all of the things that they can do. As an occupational therapist, I will encounter many clients with disabilities, and it will be my job to give them a voice, to help them become more confident and independent, and to give them a sense of meaning in life. This lecture taught me that the way we, as a society, view disabilities has changed drastically since the early 1900’s, and I hope that we, as future practitioners, continue to positively influence and educate others on how to view disabilities.